POINT OF NO RETURN
    

A simple proof is given to show that iterates of the complex quadratic map would eventually escape to infinity if |zk| > r(c) where r(c) = max(|c|, 2).

Assumptions:
For a given iterate, k,

  • |zk| ³ |c|
  • |zk| > 2

Assertion:
There exists a positive number e such that |zk+1| = (1 + e)|zk|

It follows from the above assertion that the mth iterate of zk will at least be (1+e)m times as large as zk in magnitude, implying that the point is attracted to infinity.

Proof:
From triangle inequality, it follows that
|z2|
=
|z2 + c - c|
£
|z2 + c| + |c|
(1)

Solving the above inequality for |z2 + c| gives


|zk2 +c|
³
|zk2|- |c|
=
|zk|2 - |c|
³
|zk|2 - |zk|
using assumption 1
=
(|zk| - 1)|zk|
|zk+1|
=
(1 + e)|zk|
using assumption 2